فیلترها/جستجو در نتایج    

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نویسندگان: 

Heydarian dolatabadi Mohammadj avad | Aliakbari Babukani Ehsan

اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1403
  • دوره: 

    7
  • شماره: 

    25
  • صفحات: 

    152-191
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    11
  • دانلود: 

    0
چکیده: 

Competition law is a newcomer to the legal system recently. A sound understanding of competition policy can provide us with sufficient bases to apply a fundamental and normative view of the issues of competition law. The difference in supervision and regulation determines how the market functions and in order to understand this difference one must understand competition policy. Competition policy may be based on governmental support for national production and industry or on a non-interventional and regulatory posture. Moreover, supervision, based on the principle of non-intervention in the market mechanism, is rooted in liberal ideas; however, regulation, whether as a rule or an exception, is based on the assertion that the market has been ineffective in attaining its goals. Therefore, the government will resort to interventions to regulate inefficiencies.  This paper aims to analyze Supervisory Authority in Implementing Competitive Policy by employing the description method. In this article the author tries to first delineate competition policy, its related requirements and imposed deviations to the market. Then, by defining the supervisory entity and clarifying its distinction from the regulatory institutions, the author considers the characteristics of an appropriate supervisory entity conducting a comparative study of this issue in Iran and the U.S.A. This form of Competition policy because of its applicable experiences which have been well described by recent scholarship is considered suitable for the native system.

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نویسندگان: 

نشریه: 

COMMUNICATIONS

اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    0
  • دوره: 

    46
  • شماره: 

    4
  • صفحات: 

    516-539
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    1
  • بازدید: 

    144
  • دانلود: 

    0
کلیدواژه: 
چکیده: 

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بازدید 144

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همکاران: 

اطلاعات : 
  • تاریخ پایان: 

    1400/09/09
تعامل: 
  • بازدید: 

    95
کلیدواژه: 
چکیده: 

According to the provisions of Article (7) of the Law on "Strategic Action to remove Sanctions and Protect Iranian Nation's interests," as well as the definite policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the verification of the removal of sanctions and its subsequent benefits for Iran's economy should be the inevitable demand of the foreign policy apparatus in any negotiation process. In other words, the removal of Iran sanctions, regardless of the realization of the legal aspects of removing sanctions (removal of sanctions on paper), should provide tangible benefits for Iran's economy due to the removed sanctions. Regarding the thirteenth government coming to power, the following report as a comprehensive guideline can play an essential role in advancing verification if the new government seriously considers the issue of Verification. Verification has two main factors: "monitoring guideline" and "monitoring organization." Verification is a continuous activity in which a monitoring organization evaluates the other participant's compliance to the agreement's provisions based on objective indicators and criteria related to the type of obligations. Therefore, three essential requirements must be considered in determining the verification process: first, developing a comprehensive, operational, and measurable guideline. Second, determining the unique features for the first stage of verification. Third, determining the quality and aspects of periodic verification. In this report, the three main topics are proposed to meet the mentioned three requirements, which will be presented as follows: A) The verification authority can be a beyond the parliament-approved powers organization such as the Supreme National Security Council or the Iranian Supervisory Committee on Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) or even a newly established body with a professional expertise structure and a permanent secretariat. This authority has the responsibility to compose periodic reports on the verification of the removal of sanctions to decide whether Iran should continue to comply with the agreement or take countermeasure in the form of reducing or suspending its commitments. This authority has three crucial tasks: 1. Monitoring and analyzing the benefits of Iran's economy due to removed sanctions, 2. Receiving complaint letter from an Iranian citizen or institution (especially those individuals and entities that have been removed from the sanctions list) about the "Violation of JCPOA or the impossibility of deriving benefit from the removed sanctions"; 3. Develop a regulation for countermeasures. This includes but is not limited to implementing its provisions in proportion to the other participants' non-compliance by introducing a regulation that mandates suspending, stopping, or reducing nuclear activity limitations as countermeasures. B) Providing a verification checklist of removing sanctions and permission to resume nuclear-related measures based on JCPOA for the first stage of verification: The provisions of the proposed checklist of verification of removing sanctions are presented in two parts: • Factors of the actual removal of sanctions: it includes realizing the minimum thresholds for oil sales and transactions with German EIH and Bank Tejarat branch of Paris, revoking US President's executive orders, reviewing the related FAQ's of the OFAC website, avoiding issuing warning notices, and issuing specific and general Licences for foreign individuals and legal entities who want to cooperate with Iran's economy. • factors of reducing the risk of economic cooperation with Iran: The criteria of this topic are the acceptance of legal commitment and the adoption of practical measures by the leaders of the other participant countries on the normalization of trade and economic relationships with Iran, that include: - Revoking executive orders and other regulations, continuing the issuance of the certification of Iran compliance to JCPOA, eliminating instructions and advisories introducing the Iranian economy as a jurisdiction with a high risk of money laundering, and issuing orders or approving regulations that are necessary measures for normalizing trade relationships with Iran. - Avoiding any negative comments or actions discouraging nations from cooperating with Iran and acknowledging the possibility of establishing medium and long-term cooperation with Iran's economy. - Altering the approach of Financial Crimes Executive Network (FinCEN) of United States Department of the Treasury from Risk-Based to Rule-Based. - Removing Iranian Individuals, entities, vessels, and aircraft from the sanctions lists and fundamentally revising the SDN and non-SDN lists. - Eliminating warning instructions and advisories from OFAC and other US agencies on humanitarian goods trade and maritime trade with Iran. C) Checklist of Continuity of benefits from removed sanctions and issuance of periodic licenses to allow Iran to continue the implementation of JCPOA (Periodic Verification): on the issue of Continuity of Verification, it is recommended that the process of deriving benefit should be verified continuously and to publish the reports of this verification every three months. The threshold for the first part of continuous verification is 2.5 million barrels per day export of oil and condensate, monthly transactions of Iranian individuals and entities with the EIH Bank in Germany and the Paris branch of Tejarat bank worth at least $ 4.2 and $ 1.5 billion respectively. In addition, the normalization of trade and international cooperation with the sanctioned sectors of Iran's economy is considered the basis for continuing the verification. The proposed mechanism for examining the normalization of relationships with each economic sector can be described as follows: the verification authority receives quarterly feedback from prominent governmental and non-governmental actors in each sector based on the dimensions introduced. Then based on those feedbacks, the verification authority will recommend whether to comply with the commitments or to reduce, suspend or cease Iran's actions as countermeasures. In fact, the verification authority should report to the main decision-making organization about JCPOA (which is currently the Supreme National Security Council and the Iranian Supervisory Committee on JCPOA). According to paragraph 36 of the JCPOA, Iran has the right to reconsider compliance to its commitments based on the domestic approved arrangements in the case of a violation of the JCPOA by other participants. However, taking these countermeasures does not prevent Iran from sending verification reports to the Joint Commission of the JCPOA as an international organization to convince foreign participants.

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نویسندگان: 

مهرنیا حسن

نشریه: 

فلسفه دین

اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1391
  • دوره: 

    8
  • شماره: 

    11
  • صفحات: 

    31-68
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    1119
  • دانلود: 

    324
چکیده: 

بحث در باب رابطه دین و سیاست یا دین و دولت، دیرزمانی است که در محافل سیاسی و علمی غرب، و به دنبال آن در نزد برخی از روشنفکران جوامع اسلامی مطرح است و به زمانه حاضر محدود نمی شود. در این نوشتار نشان داده خواهد شد که: الف) در طول تاریخ تفکر غرب از یک سو، حاکمان سیاسی برای حفظ اقتدار خود نیازمند کسب مشروعیت دینی بوده اند و از این رو به غلبه بر دین یا دست کم تعامل با آن روی آورده اند، و از سوی دیگر، متولیان امور دینی و ارباب کلیسا همواره در پی کسب اقتدار سیاسی دولت یا غلبه بر آن برآمده اند؛ ب) باید میان گوهر دین، به عنوان امری آسمانی و مقدس و متولیان امور دینی یا ارباب کلیسا تمییز نهاد و نباید ناتوانی آنان در تشکیل حکومت دینی موفق را که ناشی از آلوده شدن آنان به فساد و دنیاطلبی و ثروت اندوزی بوده است، به نام دین ثبت کرد. دین یهود و مسیحیت، اگرچه ادیانی نوپا، ناکامل و متناسب با زمانه خاصی است، چنانچه از تحریف ها و خرافه ها پیراسته شود و به اصل و منشا آغازین خود بازگردد، در زمینه حکومت و شیوه اداره جامعه ناگفته های بسیار دارد؛ ج) به فرض اینکه دین یهود و مسیحیت توان اداره جامعه را نداشته باشد، نباید به موجب قاعده حکم الامثال، به انکار رابطه دین و دولت در دین مبین اسلام که کامل ترین و جامع ترین ادیان است، برخاست و شعار کلی جدایی دین از سیاست را سر داد.

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نویسندگان: 

منتظرقائم مهدی

اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1402
  • دوره: 

    11
  • شماره: 

    2
  • صفحات: 

    459-486
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    58
  • دانلود: 

    8
چکیده: 

بنا بر یک نظر، فقها در سه حوزه تقنین، قضاوت و زعامت، بر مردم ولایت دارند. ازآنجاکه اعمال ولایت نیازمند کار فقهی و عرفی است، اینان در مسیر اعمال ولایت گاه از تخصص فقهی شان استفاده می کنند و گاه به امور عرفی مشغول می شوند. با تحلیل «ولایت» در هر سه قلمرو و تفکیک  «فقاهت» از «اشتغال به امور عرفی غیرفقاهتی» می توان به این پرسش پاسخ داد که هریک از این دو شأن و حیثیت فقها چه نقشی در اعمال ولایت دارد و کاربرد هرکدام چقدر است. توجه به اینکه فقهایی که ولایت دارند، چقدر به «استنباط احکام کلی از ادله» و چقدر به «مراجعه به عرف» نیازمندند، از تداخل مسئولیت ها می کاهد و به تقسیم کار منجر می شود. با این تحقیق بنیادی به روش توصیفی-تحلیلی در سه حوزه ولاییِ تقنین، قضاوت و زعامت می توان به این نتیجه رسید که فقها امروزه در مقام قضاوت و زعامت محدود (مانند سرپرستی کودکان بی سرپرست) و زعامت عام (رهبری و مدیریت جامعه که شامل تقنین نیز می شود)، اغلب به امور عرفی غیرفقاهتی اشتغال دارند و از شأن عرفی خود استفاده می کنند و به ندرت به شأن فقاهتی خود نیاز می یابند. بنابراین، در اعمال ولایت فقها بر مردم، کاربرد امور عرفی بسیار بیش از کاربرد فقاهت است.

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اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1389
  • دوره: 

    1
تعامل: 
  • بازدید: 

    377
  • دانلود: 

    0
چکیده: 

جنس Stachys از خانواده نعنائیان دارای 34 گونه در ایران می باشد که 12 گونه از آنها بومی ایران است بسیاری از گونه های این جنس دارای اثرات دارویی بسیار موثر است که در طب قدیم مصر و چین مورد استفاده قرار می گرفته است. دارای خاصیت ضد اسپاسم ،آنتی سپتیک و التیام دهنده زخم می باشند. باتوجه به اهمیت گونه های مختلف در طب قدیم و کاربردهای متنوع آن در صنایع دارویی و عطر سازی در این تحقیق سه گونه از جنس Stachys به نامهای S.laxa ,S.pubescens ,S. lanataاز  نظر ترکیبهای شیمیایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفته اند. سرشاخه های گلدار هر سه گونه به روش تقطیر با بخار آب استخراج شدند. اسانس های بدست آمده ابتدا به دستگاه کروماتوگراف گازی (GC) تزریق شد و پس از یافتن مناسب ترین برنامه ریزی حرارتی ستون DB-5 برای جداسازی کامل ترکیبهای اسانس وتعیین درصد و شاخص بازداری کواتس هر ترکیب اسانس ها به دستگاه کروماتوگراف گازی متصل به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) تزریق گردید و طیف جرمی ترکیبها بدست آمد. کلیه ترکیبهای شیمیایی تشکیل دهنده اسانس ها همراه با درصد نسبی، اندیس بازداری و نیز مقایسه کیفی و کمی ترکیبهای شناسایی شده در این تحقیق تهیه شد. در گیاهS.laxa 21 ترکیب شناسایی شد که بالاترین درصد ترکیبها شامل ای بتا فارنیسن 45.3%، ای کاریوفیلن 12.5% و دلتا کادینن 12.1% می باشد. در اسانس گونه S.pubescensنیز 21 ترکیب وجود داشت که جرماکرن دی 37.7%، زد بتا اسیمن 20.3% و بی سیکلو جرماکرن 11.6% بیشترین درصد را به خود اختصاص دادند. در گونهS. lanata 34  ترکیب شناسایی شد که آلفا توجون 25.9%، آلفا هومولون 24.9% و بتا کاریوفیلن 12.6% ترکیبهای اصلی می باشند.

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نشریه: 

آینه معرفت

اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1397
  • دوره: 

    18
  • شماره: 

    54
  • صفحات: 

    21-36
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    522
  • دانلود: 

    118
چکیده: 

بازشناسی چیستی و چرایی ترکیب سه منبع معرفتی عقل، شرع و کشف در نظام اندیشه ابن ابی جمهور احسایی(838-906ق)، تحلیل دستاوردهای معرفتی این نظام را ثمربخش تر می کند. ابن ابی جمهور احسایی به عنوان شخصیتی که جایگاه مهمی در مسیر ادغام شاخه های مختلف نظری در سایه تعالیم امامی دارد، نظریه شناخت خود را بر پایه ای فلسفی-دینی-عرفانی تأسیس می کند. کاری که بعدها توسط صدرالمتألهین شیرازی (979-1050ق) تکمیل شد و در قالب نظریه «وحدت معرفتی مفاد قرآن، عرفان و برهان» ارائه گردید. در نظام فکری ابن ابی جمهور، ربط و پیوند عمیقی میان عقل، قلب و شرع وجود دارد؛ وی معتقد است که باید از قضایای برهانی ضروری به واردات الهی ارثی منتقل شد، در این صورت اسرار شریعت را می توان دریافت و معانی طریقت و حقیقت را فهمید. عقل با پیمودن مراتب کمال به مرتبه قلب راه پیدا می کند و قلب نام دیگر عقلِ کمال یافته است. همچنین در مورد ربط و نسبت میان شرع و عقل، بر این باور است که شرع، عقل خارجی و عقل، شرع داخلی است، پس آن دو معاضد و معاون همدیگر بلکه با هم متحدند.

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اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1402
  • دوره: 

    20
  • شماره: 

    37
  • صفحات: 

    315-339
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    135
  • دانلود: 

    19
چکیده: 

The addition of the infinitive to the subject or object is one of the syntactic structures in which accuracy plays an important role in the correct understanding the meaning of the verses of the Holy Quran. Sometimes there is disagreement among the scholars who interpret the Holy Book of Quran in determining whether the infinitive is added to the subject or to the object. Translators have sometimes provided an inadequate translation. This article has tried to discover ways to resolve the difference in determining the qualificative role of genitive case and also to provide an expressive translation of this structure by using a descriptive-analytical-critical method and by examining a number of infinitives added to the subject or object in the Holy Quran. The solutions to resolve the dispute are as follows: Paying attention to how the sentences relate to each other, paying attention to the citation of the subject in the verse, paying attention to the reason for using rhetorical devices in the verse, paying attention to the interpretive context (the context of the discussed verse, the guiding purpose of the Surah), paying attention to the verses and narrations of the same subject of the verse and paying attention to the requirements of servant politeness. The use of these solutions in order to provide a correct and expressive translation of the infinitive structure added to the subject or the object is necessary: The use of verb in the translation of the infinitive, the use of an appropriate word for translation of the pronoun, the use of an appropriate word in addition to the accompanying added infinitive, the use of the explanations in parentheses, the avoidance of compression writing and the avoidance of literal translation.

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نویسندگان: 

Gomez Ambrosio Velasco

اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1402
  • دوره: 

    17
  • شماره: 

    42
  • صفحات: 

    127-139
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    138
  • دانلود: 

    20
چکیده: 

Our analysis of Popper’s philosophy of science focuses on his concepts of tradition and situational analysis. These concepts represent innovative Popperian contributions to a historical and hermeneutical turn in philosophy of science that most of his critics, especially Kuhn, fail to recognize. According to his historical view, Popper conceives sciences as a complex of traditions in continuous transformation and progress by means of rational discussion of theories. In order to grasp the rational progress of scientific traditions, Popper proposes an original method that he calls “situational analysis”. This hermeneutical method seeks to understand the concepts, hypotheses, actions, practices, controversies and products that scientists made to solve problems in their specific historical contexts to improve the truth content of theories. In addition to his historical and hermeneutical turn, Popper also inquired about the social and political conditions for the progress of scientific traditions by means of intersubjective criticism of theories and conjectures. According to him, the rational discussion of ideas requires, as necessary conditions, plurality of ideas, intellectual humility, and freedom of thought and communication that can only exist in an open and democratic society. With these considerations, we may say that in addition to a historical and hermeneutical turn, Popper also contributed to a social and political turn in the philosophy of science

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نویسندگان: 

Mansouri Gholamreza

اطلاعات دوره: 
  • سال: 

    1402
  • دوره: 

    17
  • شماره: 

    45
  • صفحات: 

    175-190
تعامل: 
  • استنادات: 

    0
  • بازدید: 

    200
  • دانلود: 

    22
چکیده: 

In some point of view, neither Michel Foucault nor Ibn Khaldun are considered philosophers in the conventional classifications, but both are very  important in intellectual and, of course, in philosophical contexts, especially for those who are interested in the deep study of human life from the perspective of political thought.The main concern of two thinkers, one in the 14th century, the other in the 20th century, is the issue  of power, although neither of them provided a precise definition of it. In this article, an attempt has been made to show the place of power and domination in the political thought of both thinkers by examining the thoughts of two thinkers. And in search of an answer to this question, how did Asabiyyah and industry of religion in Ibn Khaldun's thought and social control through self-technology and discipline in Foucault's thought lead to the expansion of the domination of power? This article is written by analytically comparing the opinions of two thinkers based on Ibn Khaldun's most important book called Muqaddimah and Foucault's late works

شاخص‌های تعامل:   مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resources

بازدید 200

مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesدانلود 22 مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesاستناد 0 مرکز اطلاعات علمی Scientific Information Database (SID) - Trusted Source for Research and Academic Resourcesمرجع 0
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